ECE R 118 Combustion Resistance Tests

ECE R 118 Automotive Flammability Tests

EUROLAB is the largest Laboratory in Europe for the development and validation of materials under fire regulations. EUROLAB develops, guarantees and qualifies fire performances of materials and assemblies in all relevant areas, including public transport sectors (railway, aviation and maritime), as well as in construction, electrical products and textiles. All these studies take into account the expiration of the life span of the product in order to be compatible with the potential "second life" of the material and its effect on the environment.

The ECE R118 regulation relates to the combustion behavior and / or the ability to spray fuel or lubricant materials used in the M construction category is classified into vehicle II or III. 
The Regulation describes the types of approval that apply to vehicle types and components in certain parts of vehicles, in terms of their ignition and / or fuel or lubricant propulsion capabilities. 
The R118 regulation on the fire reaction of different materials in the vehicle describes five different tests:

Lateral Flame Propagation - Spread Test (ISO 5658-2) 
Test samples are held vertically and exposed to a radiant gas-powered panel and a non-colliding pilot flame. The hot end of the sample receives a radiant heat flux of 50.5 kW / m 2 and 1.2 kW / m decreases to a level.
Although the pilot flame does not hit the surface of the sample, it will act as an ignition source for any volatile gas produced by the product. During the test, the maximum distance traveled through the sample through the flame is recorded. The Critical Heat Flux (CHF) during extinguishing is determined with this test by measuring how far the flames have traveled from the surface of the sample.

Test to determine the horizontal combustion ratio of materials horizontally (Annex 6) 
The sample is held horizontally in a combustion chamber in a U-shaped support. The free end of the sample is exposed to a flame for 15 seconds. 
In order to calculate the horizontal burning speed of the material, the time required for the flame to pass the distance between the first measurement point and the last (or the point of measurement where the flame is self-extinguishing) is measured.

Test to determine the melting behavior of materials (Annex 7) 
The sample is placed 500 mm below the 30 W radiant heat source. Below the sample is a chamber filled with cotton wool. 
The purpose of this test is to pay attention to: 
- If the sample is flammable 
- Droplets falling or not burning 
- Cotton wool if ignited or not.

Test to determine the vertical burning speed of materials (Annex 8) 
The rectangular sample is held vertically in a sample holder that allows placement of the 220 horizontal thread marker at 370 mm, 520 mm and 3 mm from the lower edge of the sample. 

A 30mm flame inclined at 20 ° vertically is applied over the sample for 5 seconds. During the test, the time required for the yarn markers 1, 2 and 3 to break is measured from the moment the flame is applied.

Resistance to flame spread test (ISO 6722) 
A 950 ° C flame is applied perpendicularly to a sample of the 45 ° inclined cable and its throat is held until the conductor appears or by applying mechanical tension in the following cases: 
- For cables with conductor size from 15 s 2,5 mm² 
Less than or equal to 2,5 mm² - 30 s for cables with large conductors. 
This test is scheduled to determine the flame's extinguishing time, so that the burn length of the cable is measured at the end of the test.